patches: Use robust patches function to fix corstone300's hardfault

This new way of applying patches is added to fix Corstone300 platform
hardfault exception happening as the TF-M patch
(components/security/trusted_firmware-m/integration/patches
/0001-corstone300-Modify-ISRAM0-to-be-non-secure-partition.patch)
for this platform is sometimes not applied.

Patches are now applied using `git stash` and
`git apply`. This methodology is much better as
it reports whenever the new CMake function fails
to apply a certain patch.

Note:

This solution is based on what TF-M implemented in
`components/security/trusted_firmware-m/library/cmake/
remote_library.cmake`

Signed-off-by: Ahmed Ismail <Ahmed.Ismail@arm.com>