io_uring: always arm linked timeouts prior to issue

There are a few spots where linked timeouts are armed, and not all of
them adhere to the pre-arm, attempt issue, post-arm pattern. This can
be problematic if the linked request returns that it will trigger a
callback later, and does so before the linked timeout is fully armed.

Consolidate all the linked timeout handling into __io_issue_sqe(),
rather than have it spread throughout the various issue entry points.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://github.com/axboe/liburing/issues/1390


Reported-by: Chase Hiltz <chase@path.net>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>