mm: support only one page_type per page

By using a few values in the top byte, users of page_type can store up to
24 bits of additional data in page_type.  It also reduces the code size as
(with replacement of READ_ONCE() with data_race()), the kernel can check
just a single byte.  eg:

ffffffff811e3a79:       8b 47 30                mov    0x30(%rdi),%eax
ffffffff811e3a7c:       55                      push   %rbp
ffffffff811e3a7d:       48 89 e5                mov    %rsp,%rbp
ffffffff811e3a80:       25 00 00 00 82          and    $0x82000000,%eax
ffffffff811e3a85:       3d 00 00 00 80          cmp    $0x80000000,%eax
ffffffff811e3a8a:       74 4d                   je     ffffffff811e3ad9 <folio_mapping+0x69>

becomes:

ffffffff811e3a69:       80 7f 33 f5             cmpb   $0xf5,0x33(%rdi)
ffffffff811e3a6d:       55                      push   %rbp
ffffffff811e3a6e:       48 89 e5                mov    %rsp,%rbp
ffffffff811e3a71:       74 4d                   je     ffffffff811e3ac0 <folio_mapping+0x60>

replacing three instructions with one.

[wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com: fix ubsan warnings]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/2d19c48a-c550-4345-bf36-d05cd303c5de@huawei.com
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240821173914.2270383-4-willy@infradead.org


Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Acked-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>