sched/core: Allow sched_setattr() to use the current policy

The sched_setattr() syscall mandates that a policy is always specified.
This requires to always know which policy a task will have when
attributes are configured and it makes it impossible to add more generic
task attributes valid across different scheduling policies.
Reading the policy before setting generic tasks attributes is racy since
we cannot be sure it is not changed concurrently.

Introduce the required support to change generic task attributes without
affecting the current task policy. This is done by adding an attribute flag
(SCHED_FLAG_KEEP_POLICY) to enforce the usage of the current policy.

This is done by extending to the sched_setattr() non-POSIX syscall with
the SETPARAM_POLICY policy already used by the sched_setparam() POSIX
syscall.

Signed-off-by: Patrick Bellasi <patrick.bellasi@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>

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Changes in v7:
 Message-ID: <20190125135646.j4j2onitam4mwvcw@google.com>
 - fix definition of SCHED_POLICY_MAX