sched/fair: Prepare exit/cleanup paths for delayed_dequeue

When dequeue_task() is delayed it becomes possible to exit a task (or
cgroup) that is still enqueued. Ensure things are dequeued before
freeing.

Thanks to Valentin for asking the obvious questions and making
switched_from_fair() less weird.

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20240727105029.631948434@infradead.org