ALSA: hda: hda_component: Protect shared data with a mutex

The hda_component contains information shared from the amp drivers to
the codec that can be altered (for example as the driver unloads). Guard
the update and use of these to prevent use of stale data.

Signed-off-by: Simon Trimmer <simont@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20240617154105.108635-5-simont@opensource.cirrus.com