package/boost: fix math with no atomics

Boost 1.77.0 broke the build of the math component on architectures
without lockfree atomics. This was reported in [0].

This patch adds the relevant patches from the upstream patchset[1] which fix the build
and removes the dependency on BR2_TOOLCHAIN_SUPPORTS_ALWAYS_LOCKFREE_ATOMIC_INTS

[0] https://github.com/boostorg/math/issues/673
[1] https://github.com/boostorg/math/pull/684



Signed-off-by: Michael Nosthoff <buildroot@heine.tech>
Signed-off-by: Yann E. MORIN <yann.morin.1998@free.fr>