mod/system_coordinator: Check cycle count to avoid outdated phase call

Added cycle count to phase event parameters to ensure the coordinator
does not call an outdated phase when a new cycle has begun.

This prevents issues where a phase takes longer to complete than the
configured phase time or when there are too many events in the queue,
causing delays.

The cycle count is incremented with each cycle alarm elapsed. Only
events with the current cycle count will be processed and their phase
API called. Events with a mismatched cycle count will be discarded.

Signed-off-by: Wen Ping Teh <wenping.teh@arm.com>